Studies have shown that obesity is associated with at least 13 types of cancer. And in some regions, such as North America, Europe and the Middle East, obesity contributes to up to 9% of all cancer cases. It might even become the top cause of cancer in UK women in the next 25 years. So losing weight is clearly an important health goal.
研究表明，肥胖与至少13种癌症有关。在一些地区，如北美、欧洲和中东，肥胖占所有癌症病例的9%。在未来25年，它甚至可能成为英国女性癌症的首要病因。因此，减肥显然是一个重要的健康目标。
However, a recent study produced an unexpected result. It found that weight loss was associated with a significantly higher rate of cancer during the 12 months following the weight loss, compared with those who hadn’t lost weight.
然而，最近的一项研究产生了一个意想不到的结果。研究发现，与那些没有减肥的人相比，在减肥后的12个月内，减肥与癌症发病率显著升高有关。
The study used data from nearly 160,000 health professionals who have been studied for an average of 28 years. These people reported their health and lifestyle details every two years up to 2016. The researchers paid special attention to their weight changes. Participants were divided into three groups based on how intentional (刻意的) their weight loss was: “high” for those enhancing both diet and exercise, “medium” for improvements in diet or exercise, and “low” for no notable improvements in either.
这项研究使用了近16万名卫生专业人员的数据，他们平均接受了28年的研究。截至2016年，这些人每两年报告一次他们的健康和生活方式详细信息。研究人员特别注意他们的体重变化。根据参与者的减肥意向，他们被分为三组：“高”表示同时加强饮食和锻炼的人，“中等”表示饮食或锻炼有所改善，“低”表示两者都没有显著改善。
Among the participants, a striking finding emerged: people who lost more than 10% of their body weight had a significantly higher risk of cancer diagnoses in the following year. But not all cancers were equally linked to weight loss. The study found a strong connection between weight loss and cancers of the upper digestive (消化的) system (gullet and stomach), liver, pancreas and bile ducts. For these types, the risk was much higher, with chances increasing between three to over seven times. The link was weaker for colorectal (结肠直肠的) and lung cancer, though, and didn’t seem to affect the likelihood of getting breast and cervical cancers that affect just women.
在参与者中，出现了一个惊人的发现：体重减轻超过10%的人在接下来的一年中被诊断为癌症的风险明显更高。但并不是所有的癌症都与体重减轻有同样的联系。研究发现，体重减轻与上消化系统、肝脏、胰腺和胆管癌之间有着密切的联系。对于这些类型，风险要高得多，几率增加了三到七倍以上。然而，结直肠癌和肺癌癌症之间的联系较弱，似乎并没有影响女性患乳腺癌和宫颈癌的可能性。
The study’s authors are careful, though. _ ▲_ _ For one, they relied on people’s own reports of their weight, which might not always be accurate. Also, they only checked in on participants every two years, which meant some details could be missed. Plus, the study was mostly on US health professionals, who might be more aware of cancer and have better access to healthcare.
不过，这项研究的作者很谨慎。_▲_ _ 首先，他们依赖于人们自己的体重报告，这可能并不总是准确的。此外，他们每两年才对参与者进行一次检查，这意味着可能会错过一些细节。此外，这项研究主要针对美国卫生专业人员，他们可能更了解癌症，更容易获得医疗保健。
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