四、知识点讲解
1. Is it made of silver? 它是由银子制作的吗?
be made of/ from/ up of/ in/ by的区别
（1） be made of 表示制成成品后，仍可看出原材料是什么 保留原材料的质和形状，制作过程仅发生物理变化。
The kite is made of paper．
风筝是用纸做的。
（2） be made from 表示制成的东西完全失去了原材料的外形或特征，或原材料在制作过程中发生化学变化，在成品中已无法辨认。
The paper is made from wood．
纸是木头做的。
Butter is made from milk．
黄油是从牛奶中提炼出来的。
（3）be made up of 用……构成或组成的，指人、物皆可，指结构成分。
例：Our class is made up of six groups.
我们班是由六个小组组成的。
（4）be made in “在……制造的”，in 后常接表示地点的名词
The computer is made in America.
这台电脑是在美国制造的。
（5）be made by“由……制造的”，by用来强调动作的执行者
The TV set is made by the workers in the factory.
这台电视机是由这个工厂的工人制造的。
---Your sweater looks nice. Is it made _______ cotton?
---Yes, and it was made ______ Shanghai.
A. of; by B. of; in
C. from; of D. from; from
答案：B
2.China is famous for tea, right? 中国以茶而著称，对吗？
[解析]be famous for 意为“以……著名”。
China is famous for the Great Wall.
中国因长城而闻名。
【拓展】
① be famous as 意为“作为……而出名”。
Liu Huan is famous as a singer.
刘欢作为一名歌唱家而出名。
② be famous to 意为“为……所熟知”。
He is famous to the people all over the world.
他为全世界的人所熟知。
Thomas Edison is known _______ inventions _______ a great inventor.
A. to; as B. for; as
C. as; to D. to; for
答案：B
3.Where is tea produced in China? 在中国什么地方生产茶?
[解析]produce及物动词，意为“生产；制造；出产”。
The green plants produce oxygen.
绿色植物制造氧气。
They tried to produce more cars.
他们努力生产更多的汽车。
【拓展】produce还可用作名词，是不可数名词，意为“产品”，尤指农产品。
The shop sells fresh local produce.
这家商店出售当地新鲜的农产品。
4.For example, Anxi and Hangzhou are widely known for their tea.
例如，安溪和杭州以它们的茶而远近闻名。
[解析1] for example意为“例如”。作插入语，列举同类人或物中的“一个”。
Chinese and Italian food, for example, are popular all over the world.
例如，中国和意大利的食品在世界各地都很受欢迎。
[解析2]widely 副词，意为“广泛地；普遍地”。
English is widely used in the world.
英语是在世界上被广泛应用。
辨析：widely 与wide
widely副词，在句中充当状语，表示抽象的行为和状况。
We were widely different on many questions.
我们在很多问题上分歧很大。
wide形容词，意为“宽的；宽广的”，也可作副词，意为“广大地；广阔地”，表示具体的行为和动作。
They come to a wide river.
他们来到了一条很宽的河流前。
Computers and printers are now ______ (wide) used in many companies.
答案：widely
5. Well, as far as I know, tea plants are grown on the sides of mountains.
嗯，据我所知，茶树是在山腰种植的。
[解析1] as far as I know意为“据我所知”。其中as far as 作从属连词，意为“就……来说”，引导状语从句，强调程度或范围，从句中常用动词know, see，也可用so far as。
As far as I know, he has been abroad.
据我所知，他已经出国了。
The magazine was started by Becky, ________ I know.
A. as far as B. as well as
C. as soon as D. as much as
答案：A
[解析2] on the sides of mountains 意为“在山腰上”。
There are many flowers on the sides of mountain.
山腰有许多花。
6.It seems that many people all over the world drink Chinese tea.
世界各地许多人好像都喝中国茶。
[解析1]It seems that +从句（从句部分用陈述语气），意为“看起来，似乎，好像”。
It seemed that he would never be able to work out the question.
看起来他永远不能解决这个问题了。
It seems that it will rain.
看起来要下雨了。
【拓展】
① It seems like...意为“似乎……，好像……”，后接名词。
It seems like years since we last year.
自从我们上次见面以来似乎好多年了。
② seem(+to be)+表语
You seem (to be) unhappy.
你好像不高兴。
③ seem+to do sth.
Your teacher seemed to know that.
=It seemed that your teacher knew that.
你的老师好像知道那件事。
_____ that they haven’t known the news.
A It seems B It seemed C They seem D They seemed
答案：A
[解析2]all over the world 意为“全世界，世界各地”，与around the world同义。
Our friends are all over the world.
我们的朋友遍天下。
【拓展】all over意思是“遍布，到处”。
The water is all over the field.
田地里到处都是水。
7。...people say that tea is good for both heath and business.
......人们常说茶对健康和商业都有好处！
[解析1]be good for意为“对……有益”，反义词组：be bad for意为“对……有害”。
Eating vegetables is good for your health.
吃蔬菜对你的健康有益。
辨析：be good for, be good at与be good with
be good for，意为“对……有益”
Do morning exercises is good for you.
做早操对你有好处。
be good at，意为“擅长”，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式
I’m good at playing basketball.
我擅长打篮球。
be good with，意为“善于应付……的，对……有办法”
He is good with children.
他管理孩子有一套。
be good to sb. 对某某很好
=be kind to
=be friendly to sb.
My friend was good to me when I was ill.
我生病时我的朋友对我关怀备至.
The boy is good ______me. He is good ______English, and he tells me oral practice is good______improving spoken English.
答案：to,at,for
I think drinking milk is good _________ our health.
A. for B. to
C. with D. at
答案：A
[解析2]both...and...意为“既……又……”，连接两个并列的成分（可以是名词、形容词、代词等），其否定短语为：neither...nor...,意为“既不……也不……”。
Both he and I are from Beijing.
我和他都是来自北京。
Neither he nor I am from Beijing.
我和他都不是来自北京。
注意：both...and...连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，neither...nor...连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词应与nor后的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
--I hear ____ your grandpa ____ your grandma like watching Beijing Opera.
--Right, just as many old people do in our city.
A both;and B either; or
C neither; nor D not only; but also
This is my twin sister Lucy. Both she and I _______ good at drawing.
A. am B. is
C. are D. be
答案：A，C
8.No matter what you may buy, you might think those products were made in those countries.
无论你可能买什么，你会认为那些产品是在那些国家制造的。
[解析1]no matter意为“无论；不论”。与what,who,when,which,how等疑问词连用，引导让步状语从句。状语从句的位置放在主句前或主句后。在这样的让步状语从句中，常用一般现在时代替一般将来时，用一般过去时代替过去将来时。
No matter what you say, I won’t believe you.
无论你说什么，我都不会相信你。
No matter who you are, you must obey the rules.
无论你是谁，都必须遵守规则。
【拓展】“no matter+疑问词”结构相当于“疑问词+ever”。
no matter how=however
no matter what=whatever
no matter when=whenever
no matter where=wherever
No matter where you go, you should remember your home.
=Wherever you go, you should remember your home.
无论你去哪儿，你都应该记得你的家。
________ how busy he is, he is always ready to help others.
A. Pay attention to B. No matter
C. According to D. Thanks to
答案：B
________ well you drive, you must drive carefully.
A. No matter where B. In order that
C. No matter how D. As soon as
答案：C
[解析2]product可数名词，意为“产品；制品”。
The country’s main products are cocoa and gold.
这个国家的主要物产是可可和黄金。
9.He found it interesting that so many products in the local shops were made in China.
他发现了一件有趣的事情，在当地的商店里，很多的产品是在中国制造的。
[解析1]“find it+形容词+that从句”，意为“发现……（是怎样的）”，其中it 作find的形式宾语，that 引导的从句为真正的宾语。形容词作find的宾语补足语。
【拓展】find作“发现；发觉”讲时，其后可接各种形式的复合结构：
①“find+宾语+名词”结构
We have found him (to be) a good boy.
我们发现他是一个好孩子。
② “find+宾语+形容词”结构
He found the room dirty.
他发现这个房间很脏。
③ “find+宾语+现在分词”结构
I found her standing at the door.
我发现她正站在门口。
Most young people find _______ exciting to watch a football match.
A. it B. this
C. that D. one
答案：A
All of us find ________ necessary to take exercise every day.
A.this B.that
C.them D.it
答案：D
[解析2]local为形容词，意为“当地的，本地的”。
This is a local problem, not a nation-wide one.
这是一个当地的问题，而非全国性的。
10.He realized that Americans can hardly avoid buying products made in China.
他意识到美国人很难避免购买中国制造的产品。
[解析1]hardly副词，意为“几乎不”，相当于almost not,本身含有否定的意思。常位于连系动词、助动词或情态动词之后，实义动词之前。
It’s hardly possible.
那简直不可能。
We hardly had time to eat breakfast.
我们几乎没有时间吃早饭了。
【拓展】hardly本身有否定意义，在反意疑问句中附加问句部分要用肯定形式。类似的词有never,little,few,none,nobody,nothing等。
There is hardly a cloud in the sky, is there?
天空中几乎没有一朵云彩，是吗？
Speak aloud,please! I can ____ hear you.
A usually B almost
C hardly D nearly
答案:C
[解析2]avoid及物动词，意为“避免；回避”，其后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。
The old man avoids his neighbors.
那位老人回避他的邻居。
He avoided answering my question.
他避而不答我的问题。
Nobody can avoid ________ mistakes.
A. make B. makes
C. making D. to make
答案：C
11.Kang Jian thinks it’s great that China is so good at making these everyday things.
康健认为中国如此擅长制作这些日常用品是很伟大的。
[解析]everyday 形容词，意为“日常的；每天的”，相当于daily。
My everyday life is different.
我每天的生活是不同的。
辨析：everyday, every day与daily
everyday 形容词每天的；日常的。在句中做定语，一般位于名词前面。
This is our everyday homework.
这是我们每天的作业。
every day，副词词组。每天，在句中作状语，一般位于句首或句末
He reads books every day.
他每天都看书。
daily，形容词或副词，每天的/地，作形容词时，相当于everyday;作副词时，相当于every day
He writes for the daily newspaper.
他为那家日报写稿。
12.Children under 18 aren’t allowed (not allow) to watch this show without their parents.
18岁以下的孩子没有他们的父母（陪伴）不被允许看这个节目。
[解析]be allowed to do sth. 意为“被允许做某事”，其否定形式为be not allowed to do sth. ,意为“不被允许做某事”。
Passengers are not allowed to smoke.
乘客不被允许吸烟。
Girl students in some schools are not allowed _____ long hair.
A having B have
C had D to have
答案：D
13. We are paid (pay) by the boss on the last Friday of each month.
在每月的最后一个星期五老板付给我们薪水。
[解析]on the last Friday 意为“在最后一个星期五”
【拓展】介词on,at,in表示时间的用法：
① 介词on用在日期、星期几、节日前，也用来表示具体某一天的上午、下午或晚上。
on November 1st 在11月1日
on Monday 在星期一
on Children’s Day 在儿童节
on Tuesday evening 在星期二晚上
② 介词at常用于时刻前或一些固定的习惯用语中。
at nine o’clock 在9点钟
at night 在夜晚
③ 介词in用在月份、季节、年份等前面，也可表示在早上、在下午或在晚上。
in May 在五月
in summer 在夏季
in the morning 在早上
in the afternoon 在下午
--When did the terrible earthquake happen in Ya’an Sichuan?
--It happened _____8:02 _____ the morning of April 20th,2013.
A on;in Bat;on Cat;in D on; on
答案：B
14.Each different part of China has its own special forms of traditional art.
中国的每一个不同的地方都有它自己的特殊的传统艺术形式。
[解析1]each此处用作形容词，意为“每，每个”，修饰可数名词单数。
Each student has a dictionary.
每个学生都有一本词典。
【拓展】① each可作代词，意为“每个，各个”。可单独作主语，也可后接“of+复数名词（或代词）”作主语，其谓语动词用单数形式。若用作同位语时，须放在主语的后面，谓语用复数形式。
Each of them has a new book.
他们每人有一本新书。
They each want to get the ball.
他们每个人都想得到球。
② each可作副词，意为“每，每个地”，常放在动词之后或句末。
The tickets are ten yuan each.
这些票是每张10元。
辨析：each与every
each 用于两者或两者以上中的每一个，强调个体；可用作形容词、副词或代词，可作定语、状语、主语和同位语。
Each of the students has a new bike.
=The students each have a new bike.
=The students have a new bike each.
=Each student has a new bike.
每个学生都有一辆自行车。
every 用于三者或三者以上，强调整体；用作形容词，作定语
Every student has a new bike.
每个学生都有一辆自行车。
【解析2】form 此处用作可数名词，意为“形式，类型”。
What kind of art form do you like best?
你最喜欢哪种形式艺术？
【拓展】form用作动词，意为“形成”。
A new plan began to form in his mind.
一项新的计划开始在他的脑海中形成。
15.These usually try to show the things that are important in life,such as love,beauty and family.
这些艺术形式通常尽力展示生活中重要的东西，例如爱、美和家庭。
[解析]beauty此处用作不可数名词，意为“美；美丽”。
Words can’t describe the beauty of the scenery.
语言难以描述那景色之美。
【拓展】
① beauty可数名词，意为“美人，美好的事物”。
Her mother was a great beauty .
她的母亲当年是个大美人。
② beautiful 形容词，意为“美丽的，漂亮的”。
She is a beautiful girl.
她是一个漂亮的女孩。
16.According to Chinese history, sky lanterns were first used by Zhuge Kongming.
按照中国的历史，孔明灯首先被诸葛孔明使用。
[解析1] according to 意为“根据；按照”，其中to为介词，其后可接名词、代词或从句。
They divided themselves into three groups according to age.
他们按年龄将他们自己分成三组。
According to what he said,it was a good thing.
根据他说的话，那是件好事儿。
_____ the teacher’s opinions, we gave up the experiment immediately.
A. According to B. As a result of
C. Instead of D. With the help of
________the following pictures,please write a composition,
A. Thank to B. Because of
C. According to D. Instead of
_______ the No.48 bus driver, all the passengers were saved. The driver manage to stop the bus before he died.
A. Thanks to B. According to C.As far
答案：ACA
[解析2]be used by...意为“被……使用”，其中by是介词，意为“被；由”，后接动作的执行者。
Computers are used by many people all over the world.
世界各地的许多人都使用电脑。
17.During the Spring Festival, they are put on windows, doors and walks as symbols of wishes for good luck and a happy new year.
在春节期间，它们被贴在窗户上、门上和墙上，作为好运和新年快乐的祝福的象征。
[解析1]during介词，意为“在……期间”，后面常跟表示时间段的词语。
During this summer, we went swimming every day.
在今年夏天期间，我们每天都去游泳。
辨析：during ,for 与in
在说到某事是在某一段时间之内发生的用during；说到某事持续多久则用for;说到某事具体发生的时间用in。
We visited many places of interest during the summer holiday.
暑假期间我们餐馆了很多名胜古迹。
I’ve been here for two weeks.
我在这儿待了两周了。
They usually leave school in July.
他们通常7月份毕业。
Welcome to our hotel! I hope you’ll have a good time ______ your stay here.
A after B during
C with D since
18.The pieces are usually cute children or lively characters from a Chinese fairy tale or historical story.
这些作品（形象）通常是些可爱的孩子或者是来自中国童话故事或历史故事中的生气勃勃的人物角色。
[解析1]lively形容词，意为“生气勃勃的；（色彩）鲜艳的”，常用作定语、表语或宾语补足语。
She was a lively young woman with patience and imagination.
她是个充满活力的年轻女性，富有忍耐力和想象力。
He had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.
他有一种奇妙的方法使他的课堂生动有趣。
辨析：lively, living,live与alive
lively意为“生气勃勃的，（色彩）鲜艳的”，作定语（前置）、表语或宾语补足语，既可指人，又可指物。
living意为“活着的”，强调说明“健在”，常作表语或定语，多用于指物，也可指人。
live读作/laiv/时，意为“活的”，一般作定语，只修饰物，不修饰人。
alive意为“活着的”，侧重生与死之间的界限，常作表语、宾语补足语或后置定语，多用于指人，也可指物。
The lecture is very lively.
这个讲座很生动。
The old woman is still living.
这位老妇人仍然健在。
Don’t touch it. It’s a live snake.
别碰它，它是一条活蛇。
She was alive when they took her to the hospital.
他们把她送到医院时，她还活着。
The children are all __________ (live) and healthy.
答案：lively
---Do you think Shanghai is a _______ city?
---Certainly. It has beautiful buildings, tidy streets and hard-working people.
A. likely B. lonely
C. lively D. lately
答案：C
[解析2] historical形容词，意为“与历史有关的”。
The book is based on historical events.
这本书是根据历史事件写成的。
The ________ (history) plays make the screen colorful.
答案：historical
【拓展】history名词，意为“历史，历史学”，historian名词，意为“历史学家”，historic形容词，意为“有历史意义的”。
19.What were sky lanterns used for before and what are they used for now?
孔明灯在以前被用于做什么？现在被用于做什么？
[解析]be used for ...意为“被用来（做）……”，表示用途或目的，其后可接名词或动词-ing形式，相当于be used to do sth.。
Clothes are used for keeping(=to keep) warm.
衣服用来保暖。
Wood can be used for building（to build）houses.
木材可以用于建房子。
辨析：be used for, be used as 与be used by
be used for 被用来做……，for表示用途或目的，后接名词或动词-ing形式。
be used as 被用作……，as是介词,意为“作为”，其后一般接名词，强调用途。
be used by 被……使用，by是介词，意为“被，由”，后接动作的执行者。
Knives are used for cutting things.
刀子是用来切东西的。
The box is used as a table.
这个箱子被当作桌子使用。
The tools are used by the workers in the factory.
这家工厂的工人使用这些工具。
五、专项语法
被动语态
（一）语态：英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
Many people speak Chinese.
谓语：speak 的动作是由主语 many people 来执行的。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。
Chinese is spoken by many people.
主语 English 是动词 speak 的承受者。
（二）被动语态的构成 被动语态由 “助动词 be＋及物动词的过去分词” 构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过 be 的变化表现出来的。
现以speak 为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
一般现在时：am／is／are＋spoken
一般过去时：was／were＋spoken
一般将来时：will／shall be＋spoken
现在进行时：am／is／are being＋spoken
过去进行时：was/were being＋spoken
现在完成时：have／has been＋spoken
过去完成时：had been + spoken
（三）被动语态的用法
（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
Some new computers were stolen last night.
一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。（不知道是谁偷的）
He is often asked to sing songs.
经常有人叫他唱歌。
（2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如：
The glass was broken by Mike.
玻璃杯是迈克打破的。
This book was written by him.
这本书是他写的。
Your homework must be finished on time.
你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。 
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