法国长棍面包正式列入“非物质文化遗产”

中等

高中二年级

说明文

健康与饮食

法棍面包是法国的传统食物，但近年来，法国面包店的数量持续减少，因此法棍面包也被作为人类需要保护的珍贵传统列入非物质文化遗产名录。

More than six billion baguettes(法式长棍面包) are baked each year in France and the UN agency inscribed the tradition in its “intangible cultural heritage” list.

法国每年烘烤60亿多个法式长棍面包，联合国机构将这一传统列入其 “非物质文化遗产” 名单。

The baguette is long and thin bread made of flour, water, salt and yeast(酵母). But despite being a seemingly fixture in French life, the baguette only officially got its name in 1920, when a new law specified its minimum weight (80 grams) and maximum length (40 centimetres). Initially, the baguette was considered a luxury product. Then consumption became widespread, and the countryside was won over by baguettes in the 1960s and 70s.

法式长棍面包是由面粉、水、盐和酵母制成的又长又薄的面包。尽管长棍面包似乎是法国生活中的固定物，但它直到1920年才正式得名，当时一项新的法律规定了它的最小重量和最大长度。最初，法式长棍面包被认为是奢侈品。然后消费变得普遍，乡村在20世纪60年代和70年代被法式长棍面包占领。

___ ▲ One popular tale is that Napoleon ordered bread to be made in thin sticks that could be more easily carried by soldiers(士兵). Another links baguettes to the construction of the underground railway system in Paris in the late 19th century, and the idea that baguettes were easier to tear up and share, avoiding arguments between the workers and the need for knives.

▲ 一个流行的故事是拿破仑命令用薄棍子做面包，这样士兵更容易携带。另一个将法式长棍面包与19世纪末巴黎地下铁路系统的建设联系起来，并且认为法式长棍面包更容易撕碎和分享，避免工人和刀具需求之间的争论。

About 10 billion baguettes are consumed every year in France by a population of 67 million. It drew attention to the steady decline in the number of bakeries(面包店) in the country as around 20,000 of them have closed down since 1970. Then, there were 55,000 artisanal bakeries (one for every 790 residents) compared with 35,000 today (one for every 2,000), often in favour of baguettes produced industrially. The decline is due to the spread of industrial bakeries and out-of-town supermarkets in rural areas. Still, it remains an entirely common sight to see people with a couple of sticks under their arm, happily chewing off the warm end. In March 2021, France nominated the baguette as its candidate for consideration within the UNESCO ICH list.

6700万的法国人口每年消费大约100亿个法式长棍面包。它引起了人们对该国面包店数量稳步下降的关注，因为1970年约有20,000家面包店关闭。然后，有55,000家手工面包店，而今天只有35,000家，通常是工业生产的法式长棍面包。下降的原因是工业面包店和城外超市在农村地区的普及。尽管如此，看到人们腋下夹着几根棍子，愉快地咀嚼着温暖的一端仍然是一种完全常见的景象。2021年3月，法国提名法式长棍面包为其在联合国教科文组织ICH名单中的候选人。