研究表明给予者更容易成功

中等

高中三年级

说明文

个人情感

研究表明，慷慨大度，乐于分享的人比急于获取的人有更多的机会获得重要的信息，这使得他们更容易获得成功。

It’s long been thought that in order to succeed in life you need to think only of yourself and ignore the needs of others. New research, however, suggests the exact opposite is true and being nice to others actually makes you more likely to be successful. The scientists found that ‘givers’ were more likely to share knowledge, and in turn gain more information themselves.

长期以来，人们认为为了在生活中收获成功，只需要考虑自己，而忽略别人的需要。然而，新的研究表明，反过来的事实也是成立的，对别人友好会更可能让你变得成功。科学家发现，给与者更有可能分享信息，反过来也能获得更多的信息。

Researchers divided participants into three groups based on a personality test: givers, takers and matchers. In a social dilemma

研究者根据人格测验，将参与者分为三组：给与者、获取者以及既会给予也会获取的人。在一个社会困境任务中，参与者得到了一份价值 240 英镑的虚拟捐款。研究者让他们决定自己会给一个联合团体组织多少钱。

（困境） task, participants were given a made-up donation which was equal to the amount of £240 ($400). They were then asked to decide how much of their money they would give to a shared group pool.

他们被告知，团体组织中的钱会翻倍，而且会在团体成员中公正地得到分配。因此，若每个人把个人捐款捐献出去则对整个团体更有利。但是，如果团体内其他所有人都把自己的钱捐出去，而他自己却保留自己的那一份的话，他将获益更多。

They were told that the money in the pool would be doubled and divided equally among all group members. Thus, it would be more beneficial to the group as a whole if everyone contributed their individual donations. However, it would be more beneficial for the individual if everyone else from the group contributed, while the individual kept his or her own money.

研究者利用这条分享任务的战略信息，来检测参与者分享了多少以及哪些信息：不那么重要的、已知的信息或个人唯一知道的重要信息。

The researchers used this strategic （策略的） information sharing task to examine how much and which pieces of information participants shared: the less important and already known information or the really important information only known by the individual.

结果表明，比起获取者，给与者更少以自我为导向和自爱。给与者不但与团体分享更多的钱，而且也分享重要的信息。另一方面，获取者不仅保留着钱，还有不同类型的信息。

The results showed that givers are less self-oriented and self-loving than takers. Givers shared not only more money with the group, but they also shared important information. Takers on the other hand kept both the money as well as different types of information.

调查结果表明，为了在一群人中充分利用知识交流而只提供知识管理工具也许是不够的。对领导者和管理者来说，把雇员的人格类型牢记于心是必要的。他们尤其应该懂得的是，获取者会为自己保留重要的信息。